Coronary angiography is a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure used to visualize the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. It helps detect narrowing or blockages and guides further treatment such as medicines, angioplasty, or bypass surgery.
Coronary angiography identifies blocked arteries, while angioplasty restores blood flow to the heart muscle and relieves symptoms.
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Why Is Coronary Angiography Done?
It is recommended in patients with:
- Chest pain (angina) suggestive of heart disease
- Acute coronary syndrome or heart attack
- Positive stress test or abnormal ECG
- Heart failure suspected due to coronary artery disease
- High-risk patients with diabetes or multiple risk factors
What Does Coronary Angiography Show?
- Location and severity of coronary artery blockages
- Number of vessels involved (single, double, triple vessel disease)
- Left main coronary artery involvement
- Coronary anatomy before angioplasty or bypass surgery
How Is the Procedure Performed?
- Local anesthesia is given
- Radial artery (wrist) – preferred
- Femoral artery (groin)
- Catheter is guided to the coronary arteries
- Contrast dye is injected
- X-ray images record blood flow in the arteries
- ⏱ Procedure time: 15–30 minutes
- 🏥 Hospital stay: Usually day-care or overnight observation
A thin catheter is introduced through:
Is Coronary Angiography Safe?
Coronary angiography is very safe when performed by experienced cardiologists.
Possible but rare risks:
- Bleeding or bruising at puncture site
- Contrast allergy
- Kidney injury (minimized with hydration & low-contrast techniques)
- Irregular heartbeat
Serious complications occur in <1% of cases.
Radial vs Femoral Angiography
Radial (wrist) approach advantages:
- Faster recovery
- Less bleeding risk
- Early mobilization
- Preferred in elderly and high-risk patients
After the Procedure
- Pressure band applied at puncture site
- Hydration encouraged
- Resume normal activity in 24 hours (radial approach)
- Doctor discusses results and next steps
What Happens After Angiography?
Based on findings, treatment may include:
- Medical therapy only
- Coronary angioplasty (stenting)
- Bypass surgery (CABG)
Decision is made by a Heart Team approach when needed.
Special Situations
- Diabetes & CKD patients: Ultra-low contrast techniques used
- Emergency angiography: Performed during heart attack to save heart muscle
