Heart Failure Management
Comprehensive, Evidence-Based Care for a Stronger Heart
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition in which the heart cannot pump blood efficiently. With the right medical care, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring, most patients can lead active and meaningful lives.
Heart failure management today follows guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) from international societies (AHA/ACC/ESC/ISH). Our approach combines the latest evidence with personalized care.
What is Heart Failure?
Heart failure occurs when the heart becomes too weak or too stiff to pump blood. It may affect:
The left ventricle (most common)
The right ventricle
Both sides of the heart
Types of heart failure:
HFrEF: Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (EF < 40%)
HFmrEF: EF 41–49%
HFpEF: Heart Failure with Preserved EF (EF ≥ 50%)
Acute Heart Failure: Sudden worsening of symptoms
Chronic Heart Failure: Long-term condition needing continuous care
Symptoms of Heart Failure
Shortness of breath
Leg swelling
Fatigue and weakness
Rapid heart rate
Abdominal bloating
Difficulty sleeping flat
Persistent cough
Sudden weight gain
Heart Failure Management: Our Comprehensive Approach
Modern HF care includes medications, device therapy, lifestyle changes, and close monitoring.
Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT)
The 4 Pillars of Heart Failure Treatment (HFrEF)
We follow evidence-based therapies proven to reduce mortality and hospitalizations:
✔ ARNI (Sacubitril-Valsartan)
First-line therapy for suitable patients to improve symptoms and EF.
✔ Beta Blockers
Carvedilol
Bisoprolol
Metoprolol succinate
They slow the heart, protect the heart muscle, and improve survival.
✔ Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRA)
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Help reduce fluid retention and fibrosis.
✔ SGLT2 Inhibitors
Dapagliflozin
Empagliflozin
Work for both HFrEF and HFpEF, regardless of diabetes status.
Device Therapy
Devices improve survival in selected patients:
✔ ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator)
Prevents sudden cardiac death in patients with low EF.
✔ CRT (Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy)
Improves heart function in patients with wide QRS or dyssynchronous ventricles.
✔ CRT-D (Resynchronization + Defibrillator)
For patients needing both pacing and shock protection.
✔ LVAD (Left Ventricular Assist Device)
For advanced heart failure not responding to medications.
Interventional & Surgical Treatments
Coronary angiography & revascularization
Mitral/tricuspid valve repair or replacement
TAVI in selected cases
Pericardiocentesis (if effusion is contributing)
Management of myocarditis or cardiomyopathies
Lifestyle Management
Diet
Low salt (<2 g/day)
Fluid restriction (1.5–2 L/day in advanced HF)
Avoid alcohol & smoking
High-fiber, heart-healthy diet
Exercise
Cardiac rehabilitation
Regular walking
Strength training under supervision
Avoid sudden intense exertion
Weight Monitoring
Daily morning weight
Report gain of >2 kg in 2–3 days
Sleep & Stress
Evaluate for sleep apnea
Stress reduction techniques
Adequate rest
